{"id":93,"date":"2023-11-06T22:59:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T21:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/?p=93"},"modified":"2025-12-04T16:18:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T15:18:10","slug":"100-let-od-objeveni-hvezdy-ktera-zmenila-nas-pohled-na-vesmir-6-11-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/?p=93","title":{"rendered":"100 let od objeven\u00ed hv\u011bzdy, kter\u00e1 zm\u011bnila n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na Vesm\u00edr"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/udalosti.astro.cz\/wp-content\/M3_V1xs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14351 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/udalosti.astro.cz\/wp-content\/M3_V1xs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"241\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a>Je to 100 let, kdy Edwin Hubble na podzim roku 1923 na Mount Wilsonu pomoc\u00ed 100palcov\u00e9ho Hookerova, tehdy na sv\u011bt\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho dalekohledu, sn\u00edmal na sklen\u011bn\u00e9 fotografick\u00e9 desky zn\u00e1mou mlhovinu M31 v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Andromedy.<\/p>\n<p><!--more-->N\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch dat na desce, kter\u00e1 byla nasn\u00edm\u00e1na v noci z 5. na 6. \u0159\u00edjna, ozna\u010dil p\u00edsmenem N t\u0159i nov\u011b nalezen\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23024 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Andromeda1923.png\" alt=\"Hubble\u016fv slavn\u00fd VAR! tal\u00ed\u0159\" width=\"211\" height=\"262\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pot\u00e9 si v\u0161iml, \u017ee hv\u011bzda v prav\u00e9m horn\u00edm rohu je p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 i na star\u0161\u00edch desk\u00e1ch, ale jej\u00ed jas kol\u00eds\u00e1. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o prom\u011bnou hv\u011bzdu, proto N p\u0159e\u0161krtl a ozna\u010dil \u010derven\u011b jako VAR \u2013 prom\u011bnn\u00e1 hv\u011bzda. Dal\u0161\u00edmi pozorov\u00e1n\u00edmi a m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1924 ur\u010dil pr\u016fb\u011bh jas\u016f t\u00e9to hv\u011bzdy a zjistil, \u017ee odpov\u00edd\u00e1 typick\u00e9 Cefeid\u011b, ale jej\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1 velikost byla pouze 18,5 mag, a tak spo\u010d\u00edtal, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tato jinak velmi jasn\u00e1 hv\u011bzda vzd\u00e1lena t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 milion sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-403 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hujer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/HubbleNotes-300x214.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hujer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/HubbleNotes-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/hujer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/HubbleNotes-768x548.png 768w, https:\/\/hujer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/HubbleNotes-1536x1096.png 1536w, https:\/\/hujer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/HubbleNotes-2048x1462.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tato vzd\u00e1lenost je mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e cokoliv v na\u0161\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. Je i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak se p\u0159edt\u00edm odhadovala velikost cel\u00e9ho na\u0161eho Vesm\u00edru. T\u00edmto objevem vy\u0159e\u0161il z\u00e1hady spir\u00e1ln\u00edch mlhovin v\u010detn\u011b M31 a ur\u010dil, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 sv\u011bty \u2013 galaxie \u2013 podobn\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. Dle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je M31 vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 2 537 000 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomuto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed jsem se znovu pod\u00edval na data m\u00e9 M31 po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 loni v srpnu, zda tam tak\u00e9 tuto slavnou hv\u011bzdu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 sou\u0159adnice RA 00h 41m 27,3s a DEC 41\u00b0 10&#8242; 10,4\u2033 (J2000), nenaleznu. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 jsem v to nedoufal, proto\u017ee M31 jsem fotil pouze pomoc\u00ed mal\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edpalcov\u00e9 refraktoru. O to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed bylo, \u017ee ve slo\u017een\u00e9m sn\u00edmku z 210 \u00d7 60 sec (3 h 30 m) se na dan\u00e9 pozici slab\u00e1 hv\u011bzda opravdu nach\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/udalosti.astro.cz\/wp-content\/m31-V1.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14346 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/udalosti.astro.cz\/wp-content\/m31-V1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"277\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Celkov\u00fd pohled na M31 s vyzna\u010den\u00edm m\u00edsta, kde se M31-V1 nach\u00e1z\u00ed, je zde:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/udalosti.astro.cz\/wp-content\/V1-Cepheid_M31-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14348 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/udalosti.astro.cz\/wp-content\/V1-Cepheid_M31-450x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>TS-Optics 76EDPH F\/4.5,\u00a0 \u00a0ZWO ASI2600MM Pro<\/p>\n<p>Foceno: Skuhrov<br \/>\n2022-08-03:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>90 \u00d7 60 sec R<\/li>\n<li>90 \u00d7 60 sec G<\/li>\n<li>90 \u00d7 60 sec B<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2022-08-04<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>210 \u00d7 60 sec L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2022-08-08<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>180 \u00d7 60 sec H\u03b1 7 nm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Celkov\u00fd \u010das sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed je 11 hodin.<\/p>\n<p>Sn\u00edmek v pln\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed je k vid\u011bn\u00ed na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astrobin.com\/mfdil5\/0\/\">Astrobin<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/science\/the-star-that-changed-the-cosmos-m31-v1\/\">.com<\/a>,<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem bych cht\u011bl poznamenat, jak je obdivuhodn\u00e9, jak\u00fd pokrok ud\u011blala v\u011bda a technika za posledn\u00edch 100 let. To co p\u0159ed 100 lety bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pouze s tehdy nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dalekohledem sv\u011bta p\u0159i vynalo\u017een\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed, nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e9st i amat\u00e9r s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm doma na dvorku, tak jak o tom p\u00ed\u0161e Rod Pommier v \u010dl\u00e1nku na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/science\/the-star-that-changed-the-cosmos-m31-v1\/\">Astronomy.com<\/a>, ze kter\u00e9ho jsem tak\u00e9 \u010derpal. T\u0159eba taky n\u011bkdy trochu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm strojem, pokud to po\u010das\u00ed u n\u00e1s dovol\u00ed, prom\u011b\u0159\u00edm cel\u00fd 32denn\u00ed cyklus t\u00e9to zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 Cefeidy.<\/p>\n<p>Zpracoval a sn\u00edmky M31-V1 po\u0159\u00eddil<\/p>\n<p><em>Roman Hujer, KaL<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je to 100 let, kdy Edwin Hubble na podzim roku 1923 na Mount Wilsonu pomoc\u00ed 100palcov\u00e9ho Hookerova, tehdy na sv\u011bt\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho dalekohledu, sn\u00edmal na sklen\u011bn\u00e9 fotografick\u00e9 desky zn\u00e1mou mlhovinu M31 v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Andromedy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomie","category-deepsky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":404,"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions\/404"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=93"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=93"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hujer.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}